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Lorina Bulwer
Lorina Bulwer (1838 – 5 March 1912) was a British needleworker. She was placed in a workhouse at Great Yarmouth at the age of 55 and there she created several pieces of needlework which have featured on BBCTV and which are now in Norwich Castle Museum. The needlework are long samplers which document Bulwer's anger at her situation.
==Life==
Bulwer was born in 1838 in Beccles in Suffolk. Her parents were William John Bulwer and Ann (born Turner). Some time before 1861 her family moved to Great Yarmouth.〔(Looking for Lorina ), Ruth Burwood, frayedtextilesontheedge exhibition, retrieved 12 April 2015〕 Her father died in 1871 and she then worked running a guest house until her mother died in 1893. She is thought to have been placed in ''Great Yarmouth Workhouse'' by her brother Edgar shortly after and he would have paid to leave her there.〔 The workhouse had 500 inmates, including about 60, like Lorina, who had mental disorders and were classified as "lunatics".〔 They would have unpicked oakum for up to 10 hours a day.〔
Bulwer embroidered long messages that can read as a letters of protest or outrage. The material is cotton and it has been embroidered with different colour wools.〔(An Extraordinary Long Sampler ), Christies auction, retrieved 14 April 2015〕 One of the letters is twelve feet long and the other is . The text is all in upper case and lacks any punctuation. In her rants she tries to connect her family with the Bulwer-Lyttons of Knebworth House or the Royal family or the Bulwer family of Heydon Hall. Some of the parts of her message can be verified as they refer to real people. At other points she talks about fantasies of being related to the Royal family. At other times she hints that she was sexually abused – "I MISS LORINA BULWER WAS EXAMINED BY DR PINCHING OF WALTHAMSTOW ESSEX AND FOUND TO BE A PROPERLY SHAPED FEMALE".〔 Dr. Richard Lloyd Pinching of Walthamstow, Essex, was implicated in the sexual abuse of a fourteen-year-old girl in early 1859, in what was then called the "Walthamstow Scandal".
Bulwer died of influenza〔 on 5 March 1912 and she was buried close to the workhouse.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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